About YOIP.net

Know Your IP & Network Information Instantly with YOIP.net

Attributions

YOIP is built on several open source technologies, including: Apache, PHP, jQuery, and Bootstrap CSS.

End User License Agreement (EULA)
Privacy and Cookie Policy
Terms of Service

End User License Agreement (EULA)

This product is licensed, not sold, to You for use only under the terms of this license. The licensor (“Application Provider,” or “Operator”) reserves all rights not expressly granted to You. The Product that is subject to this license is referred to in this license as the “Licensed Application,” “Application,” and “Software.”

Subject to these Terms, the Application Provider grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Application on any compatible device that You own or control for your own non-commercial entertainment purposes. You agree not to use the Application for any other purpose.

You may not copy (except as expressly permitted by this license and the Usage Rules), decompile, decrypt, reverse engineer, disassemble, attempt to derive the source code of, modify, or create derivative works of the Licensed Application, any updates, or any part thereof (except as and only to the extent any foregoing restriction is prohibited by applicable law or to the extent as may be permitted by the licensing terms governing use of any open sourced components included with the Licensed Application). Any attempt to do so is a violation of the rights of the Application Provider and its licensors. If You breach this restriction, You may be subject to prosecution and damages. The terms of the license will govern any upgrades provided by the Application Provider that replace and/or supplement the original Product, unless such upgrade is accompanied by a separate license in which case the terms of that license will govern.

Privacy Policy

Netidex, LLC (or we) is the owner and operator of YOIP.net (the Website or this Website).

In this Privacy Policy (Policy), we describe the information that we collect about you as you use our Website and our products and services contained in our Website (collectively, our Services). This Policy applies to information that we collect online and offline.

We are operated entirely within United States. If you are located outside of United States, please note that any information – including personal data – that we collect about you will be transferred to and processed in United States. You hereby consent to these transfers.

This Policy is incorporated by reference into our Terms of Use (or Terms of Service) Agreement.

I. WHAT TYPES OF INFORMATION DO WE COLLECT?

A. Personally Identifiable Information We Collect From and About You

Information We Collect Directly From You: We may collect certain types of personally identifiable information — that is, information that can identify an individual — directly from you, including but not limited to:

name
e-mail address
date of birth
zip code
credit or debit card information
username
password

We may collect some or all of this information if you:

visit the Website, make inquiries through the Website or offline
purchase products or services on, or through, the Website
use our Website
share your e-mail address to register and/or subscribe to email newsletters
post comments, messages, letters and the like on the Website
participate in any surveys, contests, or sweepstakes sponsored by the Website
register for our Services
provide tips, comments or questions to us
contact us for customer service or other purposes
provide it to us when contacting us about this Policy

Information We Collect About You From Third Parties: You may log in to post comments or share articles via your Facebook, Twitter, Google, LinkedIn, Disqus, or other third-party account (collectively, “third party accounts”). In the future, we may permit additional login methods. When you log-in via your third party account, you must grant us permission to access certain information from these third-party accounts, which will vary based on the third party account. Before you log in through the particular site, you will be presented with the list of permissions, and you may cancel your log on if you do not want to proceed. For information about how the third party site may disclose your information, including any information that you make public, please consult the third party accounts’ privacy policy. We have no control over how a third party account uses or discloses the personally identifiable information that you provide to it. We may store the information that we collect from the third party account along with the other information that we collect from you or receive about you.

B. Information Collected Automatically When Using Our Services

Netidex, LLC and our third party service providers collect information automatically through the use of electronic tools such as web beacons, “cookies,” Flash, clickstream data, and other automated devices that are deployed on the Website. We and our third party service providers may collect the following information about your use of our Website via these technologies: your IP address; your browser type and operating system; web pages you view; links you click; your interaction with our Website; length of time you are logged into our Website; and websites visited before our Website.

Web Beacons – A web beacon is a type of picture file used on the Internet. Web beacons are used in combination with cookies to help monitor traffic on the Website and understand the ways in which users interact with content on the Website. Among other uses, we may use web beacons to count visitors to our Website or to monitor how our users navigate our Website. We may include web beacons in email messages to count how many of the messages that we sent were opened, acted upon, and forwarded. We may use web beacons to compile aggregate statistics about our Services and our marketing campaigns.

Cookies – Cookies help provide a customized user experience. We and our third party service providers may use cookies to, among other things, better serve you with tailored information and facilitate your ongoing access to and use of our Services. There are two types of cookies: session-based and persistent cookies. We also allow third party vendors to use cookies on our Site and Application.

Session Cookies. Session cookies exist only during an online session. They disappear from your computer when you close your browser or turn off your computer. We use session cookies to allow our systems to uniquely identify you during a session or while you are logged into our Services.

Persistent cookies. Persistent cookies remain on your computer after you have closed your browser or turned off your computer. We may use persistent cookies to track aggregate and statistical information about user activity, which may be combined with other user information.

Third Party Cookies. We also engage third parties to track and analyze non-personally and personally identifiable Website data. To do so, we permit third parties to apply cookies to users of our Services, where permitted by law, and, subject to your right to opt-out through the Network Advertising Initiative (as discussed below). We use the data collected by such third parties to help us administer and improve the quality of our Services and to analyze use of our Services. We also use such third parties to assist us in serving advertisements. Such third parties may combine the information that we provide about you with other information that they have collected.

Disabling Cookies. You may choose not to provide such information by adjusting your Internet browser security settings to refuse cookies. Most web browsers automatically accept cookies, but if you prefer you can edit your browser options to block them in future. The Help portion of the toolbar on most browsers will tell you how to prevent your computer from accepting new cookies, how to have the browser notify you when you receive a new cookie, or how to disable cookies altogether. If you disable your web browser’s ability to accept cookies, you will be able to browse our Website, but certain pages and features may be limited.

ClickStream Data – We may use third-party software to analyze the Web pages that your computer visits while using our Services. This information, called “clickstream data,” is associated with your computer’s Internet protocol (IP) address and/or device ID, and includes other information such as the type of browser your computer/device uses to access the Internet. We may collect clickstream data to optimize search engine results and may also use clickstream data to analyze which portions of our Website draw the most traffic so we can improve performance of our Services. This clickstream data may be shared with third party advertisers and marketing companies.

Local Storage Objects – We and our third party service providers may use Flash Local Storage Objects (“Flash LSOs”) to store your Website and Application preferences, to personalize your visit or to display content based upon what you view on our Website and Application. Flash LSOs are different from browser cookies because of the amount and type of data stored. In addition, you cannot control, delete or disable the acceptance of Flash LSOs through your browser. For more information on Flash LSOs, or to learn how to manage your settings for Flash cookies, go to the Adobe Flash Player Help Page, choose “Global Storage Settings Panel” and follow the instructions. To see the Flash LSOs currently on your computer, choose “Website Storage Settings Panel” and follow the instructions to review and, if you choose, to delete any specific Flash LSO. You may also disable Adobe Flash entirely by adjusting your web browser configuration settings.

Analytics. We and our third party service providers conduct analytics of our Services to help us track and understand how visitors use our Services, using the technologies described in this section. For example, we use a variety of third party web analytics, to help us improve the performance and user experience of our Website and Application.

II. HOW DO WE USE YOUR INFORMATION?

We use your information, including the personally identifiable information that we collect about you (collectively, “information”), for various reasons, including:

to deliver content that you have requested from our Services;
to send e-mails that you have requested to receive from the Website;
to provide you with information, including via email, about services, products, and features that may be of interest to you, including products and services offered by third parties, as well as emails about our own Services;
for customer service purposes, such as in response to inquiries that you initiate with us about any aspect of our Website, to provide information about our Services, or any other customer service purpose; and
to understand how people use our Services, for research purposes, and to improve our Services.

III. WITH WHOM DO WE SHARE THE INFORMATION WE COLLECT?

We may share personally identifiable information with others, such as:

Third Party Service Providers that provide services on our behalf. Examples of these services include, but are not limited to: technical support for the operation of our Services; Website evaluation and statistics; and fulfilling your orders for products and services made available through our Site.
Law enforcement authorities, government agencies, courts, or other entities, when: (1) we believe in good faith that the law requires it, (2) we deem it necessary or appropriate to provide such information, (3) to otherwise protect our rights, other persons, or other users of our Services.
Another entity, in the course of a sale to or merger of all or a part of our business with another entity.
A court, another business, or other interested party in the event of a bankruptcy proceeding, in which case the information about you would be among the many assets shared or transferred.
Third-party merchants with from whom you choose to make a purchase through our Services.
Other non-affiliated third parties. We may share your information, including personally identifiable information, with non-affiliated third parties for their own marketing purposes. If you are a California resident, please see the special notice to you below about how you can obtain additional information about this sharing.
We also may disclose aggregate user statistics to third parties for a variety of purposes, including research, analytics, and marketing.

IV. HOW CAN YOU MAKE CHOICES ABOUT THE INFORMATION THAT WE COLLECT ABOUT YOU?

You can always choose not to submit any personally identifiable information to the Website. If you do not wish to receive promotional communications from us, you can unsubscribe to our promotional e-mails. We will include an opt-out link or reply address in each such e-mail. Please allow us up to 10 business days to process your request. After unsubscribing, you may still receive messages about the status of your account, to resolve technical issues, to confirm a new registration with us, and for other customer services purposes.

V. ADVERTISING

We use third parties such as network advertisers to serve advertisements on our Website. Network advertisers are third parties that display advertisements based on your visits to our Website and other websites you have visited. This enables us and these third parties to target advertisements to you for products and services in which you might be interested. Third party ad network providers, advertisers, sponsors and/or traffic measurement services may use cookies, JavaScript, web beacons (including clear GIFs), Flash LSOs and other technologies to measure the effectiveness of their ads and to personalize advertising content to you. These third party cookies and other technologies are governed by each third party’s specific privacy policy, not this one. We may provide these third-party advertisers with information about your usage of our Site and our Services on an aggregated basis.

You may opt-out of many third-party ad networks. The website https://thenai.org/opt-out/ provides information regarding this practice by Network Advertising Initiative (“NAI”) members, and your choices regarding having this information used by these companies, including how to “opt-out” of third-party ad networks operated by NAI members.

You also may contact the Digital Advertising Alliance at http://www.aboutads.info/choices/ for information about opting out of targeted advertising and your choices regarding having information used by About Ads member companies, including how to “opt-out” of third-party ad networks operated by About Ads members. Opting out of one or more NAI members or DAI members (many of which will be the same) only means that those members no longer will deliver targeted content or ads to you, but it does not mean you will no longer receive any targeted content or ads on our Website or other websites. You may continue to receive advertisements, for example, based on the particular website that you are viewing. Also, if your browsers are configured to reject cookies when you visit this opt-out page, or you subsequently erase your cookies, use a different computer or change web browsers, your NAI or DAI opt-out may no longer, be effective. Additional information is available on NAI’s and DAI’s websites accessible by the above links.

This website is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.

VI. LINKS TO OTHER (THIRD PARTY) WEBSITES

We may provide links to content or advertisements created, offered, sponsored, or available at third party websites. Your interactions with these third party websites are not governed by this Privacy Policy, but rather the privacy policies posted on those linked websites. Netidex, LLC is not responsible for your access to and use of these websites or any information you may share with them.

VII. HOW DO WE SECURE YOUR PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION?

To prevent unauthorized access, maintain data accuracy, and ensure the appropriate use of the personally identifiable information we collect, we have implemented physical, electronic, and administrative procedures. These measures are based on commercially reasonable standards that similar companies use.

NO DATA TRANSMITTED OVER THE INTERNET, HOWEVER, CAN BE GUARANTEED TO BE 100% SECURE AT ALL TIMES. Although we have implemented security measures to protect your personally identifiable information, we cannot and do not guarantee the security of such information.

VIII. SPAM POLICY

Netidex, LLC does not tolerate the transmission of spam. Our company monitors all traffic to and from its web servers and domains for indications of spamming and it maintains a spam abuse compliance center to register allegations of spam abuse. Customers suspected to be using Netidex, LLC products and services for the purpose of sending spam will be investigated. Once Netidex, LLC determines there is a problem with spam, we will take the appropriate action to resolve the situation, including the possible termination of any client account.

IX. CHILDREN

This Website is not directed to children. We do not knowingly collect or solicit personally identifiable information from or about children under 13, except as permitted by law. If we discover that we have received any personally identifiable information from a child under 13, we will delete such information from our servers and records promptly.

X. CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY

The owner of this domain reserves the right to change this Privacy Policy at any time. Please check this page periodically for changes. We will post a notice on this Website if and when this policy changes to alert visitors that a new policy is in place.

Material – that is, really important – changes to the way we use or disclose personally identifiable information will apply on a going-forward basis, unless we have your express consent to change the way we use or disclose the personally identifiable information we collected when the earlier version of this Privacy Policy was in effect.

XI. SPECIAL NOTICE TO CALIFORNIA CONSUMERS

California residents may request a list of all third parties to which we have disclosed certain personally identifiable information about you for marketing purposes. You may make one request per calendar year. In your request, please attest to the fact that you are a California resident and provide a current California address for your response. You may request this information in writing by contacting us at: support@netidex.com

XII. HOW TO CONTACT US

Questions and comments regarding this Privacy Policy, or to review and/or correct your personal information gathered by us, or to inform us that you do not want your information shared, should be directed to support@netidex.com

These terms were last updated on 01/15/2024, and may be updated again. The owners of this domain will post all updates to the forum. For updates that contain substantial changes, the company agrees to e-mail you, if you’ve created an account and provided a valid e-mail address. The company may also announce updates with special messages or alerts on the forum. Once you get notice of an update to these terms, you must agree to the new terms in order to keep using Netidex, LLC online services.

Terms and Conditions

(Contains legal information, including the Terms and Conditions and Code of Conduct applicable to this website. PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY!)

This internet website is the property of the owners of this domain. References to “Netidex, LLC,” “YOIP,” “Netidex, LLC online services,” or “this website” shall also be deemed to be references to the owners of this domain.

Netidex, LLC provides access to this website and any related services provided hereon (the “Netidex, LLC online services”) subject to your compliance with the following terms and conditions. These terms and conditions constitute an agreement between you and Netidex, LLC (“agreement”) that governs the relationship between you and Netidex, LLC with respect to your use of this website and the Netidex, LLC online services. Thus, it is important that you read carefully and understand these Terms and Conditions.

Opinions, views and conclusions expressed on YOIP.net are those of the content authors and not necessarily those of Netidex, LLC. Publication on this website does not constitute or imply endorsement of any opinion, product, or service by the owners of this domain.

Netidex, LLC makes no endorsement, representation or warranty as to any opinion, product or service referenced or advertised on this domain. Netidex, LLC expressly disclaims any and all liability to any consumer, purchaser or any other person using any product or service referenced or advertised on this domain for any injuries or any consequential, punitive, special, incidental, direct or indirect damages. Netidex, LLC further disclaims any and all warranties, express of implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

WARRANTY DISCLAIMER

Netidex, LLC has provided links and pointers to internet sites maintained by third parties (“third party sites”) and may, from time to time, provide third party materials on this website. Neither Netidex, LLC, its parent or subsidiary companies, nor their affiliates, operate or control in any respect any information, products, or services on these third party sites. The materials in this website and the third party sites are provided “as is” and “as available” with no representations or warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. You assume total responsibility and risk for your use of this website and the Netidex, LLC online services.

Netidex, LLC, its affiliates, and its sponsors are neither responsible nor liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, exemplary, punitive, or other damages arising out of or relating in any way to this website, Netidex, LLC online services, or any third party sites. Your sole remedy for dissatisfaction with this website, Netidex, LLC online services, and/or any third party sites is to stop using the website(s) concerned and/or those services. Netidex, LLC does not warrant that the functions contained in this website, the Netidex, LLC online services and/or any third party sites will be uninterrupted or error-free, that defects will be corrected, or that this website or any third party sites, or the servers that make them available, are or will be free of viruses or other harmful components.

Netidex, LLC does not warrant or make any representations regarding the use or the results of the use of the materials on this website, the Netidex, LLC online services, or any third party sites in terms of their correctness, accuracy, timeliness, reliability, or otherwise. You (and not Netidex, LLC) assume the entire cost of all necessary maintenance, repair, or correction of any such materials. For the avoidance of doubt, Netidex, LLC makes no representations or warranties regarding how often the materials or information posted on this website will be updated (if at all) or the number or identification of the authors or other individuals (if any) that will be featured on this website.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

By visiting this website you are bound by these terms and conditions whether you read them or not.

TRADEMARK AND COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

The material used on this website, including, but not limited to, text, data, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio clips, video clips, links, digital downloads, data compilations, and software is owned, controlled by, or licensed to Netidex, LLC and is protected by copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights. Material on this website is made available solely for your personal, non-commercial use and may not be copied, reproduced, republished, modified, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, including by e-mail or other electronic means, without the express prior written consent of Netidex, LLC in each instance. You may download material intentionally made available for downloading from this website for your personal, non-commercial use only, provided that you keep intact any and all copyright and other proprietary notices that may appear on such materials.

Unsplash grants an irrevocable, nonexclusive, worldwide copyright license to download, copy, modify, distribute, perform, and use photos from Unsplash for free, including for commercial purposes, without permission from or attributing the photographer or Unsplash. This license does not include the right to compile photos from Unsplash to replicate a similar or competing service.

FAIR USE

The use of any unlicensed copyrighted material on this website is provided for the purposes of commentary, teaching, scholarship, or research, and is therefore considered to be covered as “fair use” as specified in 17 USC 107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use. If you are the owner of copyrighted material on this website and feel that our use of such material is not covered under 17 USC 107, please contact us via email: legal@yoip.net

DESIGNATED AGENT UNDER THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) provides a mechanism for notifying service providers of claims of unauthorized use of copyrighted materials. Under the DMCA, a claim must be sent to the service provider’s Designated Agent. If you believe in good faith that Netidex, LLC should be notified of a possible online copyright infringement involving any Netidex, LLC website, please notify Netidex, LLC’s designated agent: dcma@yoip.net

Please be aware that, in order to be effective, your notice of claim must comply with the detailed requirements set forth in the DMCA. You are encouraged to review them (see 17 U.S.C. Sec. 512(c)(3)) before sending your notice of claim.

CODE OF CONDUCT

The following rules, policies, and disclaimers shall govern and/or apply to your use of the Netidex, LLC online services on this website (including, without limitation, any bulletin boards, chat rooms, or other online services provided on this website).

We do not review every message, nor do we confirm the accuracy or validity of information posted. We do not actively monitor the contents of the postings, nor are we responsible for the content of any postings. We do not vouch for, nor do we warrant the validity, accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any message or information posted. The contents of the postings do not represent the views of Netidex, LLC, its affiliates, or any person or property associated with Netidex, LLC, the Netidex, LLC online services, this website, or any other website in the Netidex, LLC family of websites. If you feel that any posting is objectionable, we encourage you to contact us by email. We will make every effort to remove objectionable content if we deem removal to be warranted. Please understand that removal or editing of any posting is a manual process and might not occur immediately.

You agree, by using this website and/or the Netidex, LLC online services, that: (1) you will not use this website or any of the Netidex, LLC online services to post any material that is knowingly false and/or defamatory, inaccurate, abusive, vulgar, obscene, profane, hateful, harassing, sexually oriented, threatening, invasive of one’s privacy, or otherwise in violation of any law; (2) you will not restrict or inhibit any other user from using and enjoying this website or any of the Netidex, LLC online services provided hereon (for example, by means of hacking or defacement); (3) you will not post any copyrighted material on this website or any of the Netidex, LLC online services provided hereon unless you own the copyright in and to such material; (4) you will not post or transmit any information or software that contains a virus, worm, timebomb, cancelbot, trojan horse or other harmful, disruptive, or deleterious component; (5) you will not post or transmit materials in violation of another party’s copyright or other intellectual property rights; (6) you will not utilize any robot, spider, site search/retrieval application, or any other manual or automated technique to scrape, index, data mine, etc., or in any way reproduce or circumvent the navigational structure or presentation of this website, the Netidex, LLC online services, or the contents of such website or services; and (7) you will not impersonate any other individual or entity in connection with your use of this website or any of the Netidex, LLC online services.

All posts express the views of the author, and neither the owners of this domain, nor the developers of third-party software used on this domain, will be held responsible for the content of any message. Although we cannot and do not review all posted messages, we reserve the right to remove (or not) any message for any (or no) reason whatsoever. You remain solely responsible for the content of your messages, and you agree to indemnify and hold harmless Netidex, LLC and their agents with respect to any claim based upon the transmission of your message(s) and/or posting(s).

Conduct yourself as you would in a public setting. The owners of this domain reserve the right to remove, edit, move or close any content item for any reason and without notice. We ask that you report this type of content so it can be removed immediately. We reserve the right to reveal your identity (including whatever information we know about you) in the event of a criminal complaint or legal action arising from any message posted by you.

Posting of advertisements, chain letters, pyramid schemes, solicitations, and the like, are inappropriate and forbidden on the Netidex, LLC websites and any related Netidex, LLC Online Services (including bulletin boards and chat rooms).

VOID WHERE PROHIBITED

Although this website is accessible worldwide, not all products or services discussed or referenced on this website are available to all persons or in all geographic locations. Netidex, LLC reserves the right to limit, in its sole discretion, the provision and quantity of any product or service to any person or geographic area it so desires. Any offer for any product or service made in this website is void where prohibited.

LICENSE TO Netidex, LLC

By posting messages, uploading files, inputting data, or engaging in any other form of communication through this website, you are granting Netidex, LLC a royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive, unrestricted, worldwide license to: (1) use, copy, sublicense, adapt, transmit, publicly perform, or display any such communication; and (2) sublicense to third parties the unrestricted right to exercise any of the foregoing rights granted with respect to the communication. The foregoing grants shall include the right to exploit any proprietary rights in such communication, including but not limited to rights under copyright, trademark, service mark, or patent laws under any relevant jurisdiction.

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (EULA)

MAKING PURCHASES

If you wish to purchase products or services described on this website, you may be asked to supply certain information including credit card or other payment information. You agree that all information that you provide will be accurate, complete, and current. You agree to pay all charges, including shipping and handling charges, incurred by users of your credit card or other payment mechanism at the prices in effect when such charges are incurred. You will also be responsible for paying any applicable taxes relating to your purchases.

INDEMNIFICATION

You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Netidex, LLC and its affiliated companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, licensors, and suppliers from and against all losses, expenses, damages, and costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, resulting from any violation by you of these Terms and Conditions. Netidex, LLC reserves the right to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter subject to indemnification by you.

LITIGATION ISSUES

This Agreement is entered into in United States and shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the United States, exclusive of its choice of law rules. Each party to this Agreement submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in United States, and waives any jurisdictional, venue, or inconvenient forum objections to such courts. Each party to this Agreement further agrees as follows: (i) any claim brought to enforce this Agreement must be commenced within two (2) years of the cause of action accruing; (ii) no recovery may be sought or received for damages other than out-of-pocket expenses, except that the prevailing party will be entitled to costs and attorneys’ fees; (iii) any claim must be brought individually and not consolidated as part of a group or class action complaint. As far as the law allows, the total liability to you for claims of any kind that are related to the Netidex, LLC online services or content on the Netidex, LLC family of websites will be limited to $50.

MISCELLANEOUS

In the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement are held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable, such provisions shall be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that this Agreement shall otherwise remain in full force and effect.

This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto pertaining to the subject matter hereof, and any and all written or oral agreements heretofore existing between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement are expressly canceled. Netidex, LLC may modify the terms of this Agreement by posting notice of such modification before taking effect.